5 Reasons Not to Borrow from Your 401k

Times are tough for some.

But are they tough enough to resort to borrowing from your 401k?

Does a job loss warrant this kind of move?

I guess, like all personal finance, it really depends on your particular situation.

Still, generally speaking, the 401k should likely not be looked at as a normal, everyday way of financing a lifestyle that’s above your normal means. This means no borrowing to buy a boat, new TV, or for a home improvement.

If you want those things, it would be wiser to just save up the money in a savings account.

Need some convincing? Here’s a few reasons not to borrow from your 401k:

It’s For Your Retirement

The whole reason you set this account up to begin with was to save money for your retirement. If you’re not retired yet, just leave this money alone. Had you set some money aside to borrow from at a later point, I’d say go ahead.

But this is your 401k. Just leave the money, and your original intentions alone.

It Won’t Be There For a Real Emergency

If you yank that money from the 401k now using a loan option to finance some frivolous purchase, and then everything hits the fan, you’re left in a tough spot. Leave that money alone and save the loan option as a extreme last resort.

The Borrowed Money is Not Growing

Money that isn’t in the 401k account (the borrowed amount) can no longer see investment growth. It’s gotta be there to be earning for your retirement. This is long-term investing we’re dealing with here. Letting it ride is key. Moving money in and out defeats the purpose.

The Loan is Tied to Your Job

This is one of the more obvious reasons for staying away from the 401k loan. If you leave your job for any reason, most companies will require you to pay that loan back at a much faster rate, or even immediately. You don’t want to be stuck holding this loan if you get canned.

Remember, you borrowed because you didn’t have enough money to begin with. So what makes you think you’ll be able to pay it back quickly? Studies show that a majority of the people who leave their job with an outstanding 401k loan, end up in default.

Fees and Contributions Limits

Some company plans require that you stop contributing to your 401k once you borrow from it. Also, some plans tack on fees to the loan payments. These are definitely things you want to avoid.

My Experience

I was tempted to borrow from my 401k a couple of years back when we were saving up for our first home down payment. I was worried we would need a small 401k loan to get us over the 20% mark. The option to borrow was definitely very enticing.

But in the end, I decided to leave the money alone. And you know, we ended up being able to save the 20% anyway by working a bit harder at spending less.

So that’s my take, what’s yours? Should you borrow from your 401k?

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17 Comments

  1. I have a great opportunity to purchase a house at half price with the help of HUDs good neighbor next door program. The house is 80000 and I’d get it for 40000. I owe 8000 that must be paid off before even being prequalified. I have two retirement account from two different school districts. One of them I can’t contribute to anymore, but I get the interest (about 1000 per year). The other one I’ve borrowed from this year to pay off a debt. Wouldn’t it be a good idea to take the money out of the first one, pay off the debt from the second one and pay off that 8000 so I couled buy a half price home? I’d already be saving 40000 on home and the amount I have in the first account is only 25000. I would love any advice from people who know about this stuff.

  2. Yesterday I had the oportunity to reivew my husband’s quarterly 401K statement and I realized that the entire time he has owned his 401K his return on investment has been right at 0%.
    So I had an idea.
    If he borrows $10,000 from his 401K he will be paying it back with interest, which to my understanding will be added to the balance of the 401K account. If we deposit that money into our rewards checking account which has a 3.52% APR, won’t we come out ahead?
    It seems like 3.52% is better than 0%.
    And if he looses his job and has to pay the money back immediatley, we’ll just take it out of the rewards checking account and pay it back.

    1. Philip Taylor Philip Taylor says:

      The stock market will not return 0% over the long term. If you borrow, you will lose out on any market gains while that money is out of the account. The stock market is a long-term play, and your money needs to stay invested to receive the full benefit of the market, taking advantage of every up and down.

  3. I have a considerable amount of credit card debt (amassed over the years from various unfortunate events; no new debt in the last 6 years!) and am on the edge of looking into bankruptcy relief. However, I have a substantial 401k account. I have been with my employer for several years and feel my job is fairly stable. I’m considering taking out small loans and repaying them back in short periods of time and applying the loans towards paying off my unsecured debt. The low interest (paid to me) and the scheduled repayment makes it a very enticing option. I’m 35 and feel I still have time to make up the loss in retirement money. Can you comment on my situation? I’d appreciate your opinion.

    1. Philip Taylor Philip Taylor says:

      Rod, I like the sound of your strategy IF you are going to do the 401K loan. That’s a smart way to do it. Little loans lessen your risk. They also delay the payoff though.

      However, I don’t think you should do the 401K loan.

      My experience is that in most cases like this, you can pull up your boot straps and crush this debt with your own efforts (i.e. selling things, extra jobs like pizza delivery, etc.). We’re capable of great things when we put our entire energy and focus into it. I would encourage you to go after this debt with an intensity like never before.

      If you’ve been able to avoid debt over the past 6 years, then it would seem that you can make changes and pay down the debt fairly quickly.

      That said, I am in favor of reducing your interest rate while you are in the process of paying down the debt. I used 0% balance transfer credit card to achieve this. I’ve seen others do the same through peer lending.

  4. @Rob – I can’t find anywhere in the IRS regs where there is a set payback period upon termination. That being said, if your company allows a longer pay back period, even after termnination, I think it’s safe to say you’ll have that long to pay it back without tax consequence.

    All that being said, I think borrowing from the 401k should be your very last option, regardless of market conditions or assumptions.

  5. My stock has fallen more than 50% but I am with a fairly safe company (GE). Is it a decent decision to borrow from my 401k now while the stock is low? I know if the stock starts shooting up I lose the gain right away but I really dont think that is gonna happen for atleast another 2 years. Also I talked to a company rep and he said if I did leave the company that I could still payback the loan on a monthly basis without a penalty from the IRS. Is this true? Everything I have read makes it sound like this is a Law and the company has no say in it? Any help?

  6. I’ve been looking at my account recently and it’s been tempting, especially since I’d like to get out of my job right now.
    But, I will stay the course and not withdraw anything.

  7. @seeabell

    I definitely agree that the negative effects are lessened a bit since the market has been dropping over your borrowing period. Still, some things to think about:

    1. What if you got let go from work? Something more probable these days. Would you be able to pay it back at the terms your company has set forth? Do you know those terms?

    2. What if the market hadn’t dropped over the last 6 months like it had? What if it goes back up to 10,000 in the next few weeks? Your investments wouldn’t grow like they could have. Possible? Who knows? Timing the market isn’t something anyone’s been able to do successfully over 20 yrs to my knowledge. I think you just got lucky in that regard. Unless you know something I don’t. 🙂

    Both reasons point to the 401k loan being a `fundamentally` poor choice in most situations. I don’t know why you pulled the money out, but if you’re like Sandy, it may have been a last ditch effort to save things. In that sense, I definitely not going to sit here and judge you for your actions. Good luck to you and thanks for sharing.

  8. @bank

    No, it doesn’t show up on your credit report but the bank will see it as a reduction in your income since they will see your pay stubs.

  9. I know, I know, I’m a prime offender of borrowing against my 401K. But the reality right now is the money I’ve borrowed is the only piece of my 401K that isn’t dropping like a rock. In addition, the money going back as an after tax payment doesn’t bother me at all, because if I borrowed from a bank, it would have been paid back after tax as well. I get the interest. Something my 401K is not providing at the moment. If anything, I sold high and bought low. So I’m not finding this argument as convincing in the current market. I should note that I am paying back the amount, so the money will still be there in 20+ years when I retire. I’m sure I’m missing something, what is it?

    1. Avatar JoshuaBooneWilcoxson says:

      Prime offender? Ok, this conversation has gone over the brink and is plummeting through the abyss of madness. I don’t think you are missing a thing, my friend.
       
      Your 401k is a tax-deferred steam engine to power your future. The thought that PT and others would rather you gamble it away in the stock market against rooms full of the best equity analysts in the world is, in one word, shameful.
       
      Don’t take it out and buy dumb stuff with it–fair point.  But take control in your future, and invest in yourself. Cuz the government isn’t going to save you, and you can take your 401k to Vegas and bet that Wall St. won’t either.
       
      And not to borrow your 401k to pay off CREDIT CARD debt??? I’m sorry, PT, but this advice is upsetting. To not endorse that move wholeheartedly is identical to recommending someone max out a card buying stocks. I have to take you to task here, bud. I think you mean well, but your advice is flat-out dangerous. The people who have to hide money from themselves are going to end up broke anyway.
       
      NEVER LET ANYONE MAKE YOU FEEL GUILTY FOR INVESTING IN YOURSELF WITH *YOUR* HARD-EARNED MONEY

    2. Philip Taylor Philip Taylor says:

      Where did I say I’d rather her “gamble it away in the stock market”?
       
      You have a right to your opinion on the credit card deal and so do I. It’s not dangerous to suggest someone use other means to pay off their debt.
       
      No where in this article did I draw a hard line on anyone or make someone feel guilty. I think it’s one of my most fair and objective articles on the issue. I frankly think it’s ridiculous that you are so offended. How can you be so guffawed at an article that contains “I guess, like all personal finance, it really depends on your particular situation.” I’m basically giving anyone a free pass to do whatever the hell they want.
       
      How does any of that warrant you leaving a comment like that with all caps and saying my advice is dangerous?

  10. Let me speak from the experience of someone who HAS borrowed from my 401K.

    1. I borrowed from my 401K at 28 so I knew that I had quite a lot of time to repay the money. The loss in potential interest did not bother me too much. I also made sure that the repayment period was as short as I could afford it to be. I did not want to extend it.

    2. I made the interest rate as high as the return that I had been getting on my money. Thankfully I borrowed the money right before the recent crash so I actually ended up preserving some of my money since my portfolio lost 35% last year.

    3. I was in dire need on the money and had no other place to come up with the large amount of cash that I needed in such a short amount of time with an affordable interest rate. I would not recommend borrowing money to purchase a car or finance education or something like that but if it comes down to borrowing against the 401K and being out on the street then I am all for tapping that cash.

    Everyone has different situations but you should be fully aware of what you are getting into. Know that you have to repay immediately if you separate from your job. Know that you have to pay both penalties and interest if you do not repay. Things like that could make you pause. Know that the loan is paid back with AFTER tax money.

    I did what was right for me at the time and in 8 months or 16 payments from now I will be free of the 401K loan, freeing up a full $400 per month to smash my other debt. It also taught me how to live on $400 LESS per month while still contributing 6% of my pretax income to my 401K so I will nor return to my old ways.

  11. Also, you put money into a 401(k) before taxes. If you take a loan you pay it back after taxes! In essence it takes more money to pay it back.

  12. Avatar bank deals says:

    If I take out a loan against my 401k will it affect my credit rating?
    I’m thinking of buying a home and wanted to consolidate some bills beforehand and was wondering if this would have any neg affects.

  13. Avatar Bob at Dollar And Dollar says:

    Retirement accounts are intended for post retirement. i agree with all your reasons not to take loan from 401k account.

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